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#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/multivariate_convolution_cyclic" #include <iostream> #include <atcoder/modint> using mint = atcoder::modint; std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, mint &a) { long long e; in >> e; a = e; return in; } std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const mint &a) { out << a.val(); return out; } #include "library/convolution/multi_variate_convolution_circular.hpp" int main() { int p, k; std::cin >> p >> k; mint::set_mod(p); int n = 1; std::vector<int> ns(k); for (auto &e : ns) std::cin >> e, n *= e; suisen::multi_variate_convolution_circular<mint> conv(ns); std::vector<mint> f(n), g(n); for (auto &e : f) std::cin >> e; for (auto &e : g) std::cin >> e; std::vector<mint> h = conv(f, g); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { std::cout << h[i].val() << " \n"[i + 1 == n]; } }
#line 1 "test/src/convolution/multi_variate_convolution_circular/multivariate_convolution_cyclic.test.cpp" #define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/multivariate_convolution_cyclic" #include <iostream> #include <atcoder/modint> using mint = atcoder::modint; std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, mint &a) { long long e; in >> e; a = e; return in; } std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const mint &a) { out << a.val(); return out; } #line 1 "library/convolution/multi_variate_convolution_circular.hpp" #line 5 "library/convolution/multi_variate_convolution_circular.hpp" #line 1 "library/transform/chirp_z_transform.hpp" #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <atcoder/convolution> /** * @brief chirp z-transform ($g _ k = f(a r^k)$) */ namespace suisen { namespace internal { const auto default_convolution = [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return atcoder::convolution(a, b); }; template <typename T> std::vector<T> chirp_z_transform_naive(const std::vector<T> &f, T a, T r, int m) { const int n = f.size(); std::vector<T> g(m); T pow_r = 1; for (int k = 0; k < m; ++k) { T ark = a * pow_r, pow_ark = 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { g[k] += f[i] * pow_ark; pow_ark *= ark; } pow_r *= r; } return g; } } // namespace internal /** * @brief Calculates f(ar^k) for k=0,...,m-1 in O(M(n+m-1)+n+m) time */ template <typename T, typename Convolution> std::vector<T> chirp_z_transform(std::vector<T> f, T a, T r, int m, Convolution&& convolution = internal::default_convolution) { const int n = f.size(); std::vector<T> g(m); if (n == 0 or m == 0) return g; T pow_a = 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i, pow_a *= a) f[i] *= pow_a; if (r == 0) { for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) g[0] += f[i]; for (int k = 1; k < m; ++k) g[k] += f[0]; return g; } if (n < 60) return internal::chirp_z_transform_naive(f, a, r, m); const T r_inv = r.inv(); const int l = n + m - 1; std::vector<T> pow_r_tri(l), pow_r_tri_inv(l); pow_r_tri[0] = pow_r_tri_inv[0] = 1; T pow_r = 1, pow_r_inv = 1; for (int i = 1; i < l; ++i, pow_r *= r, pow_r_inv *= r_inv) { pow_r_tri[i] = pow_r_tri[i - 1] * pow_r; pow_r_tri_inv[i] = pow_r_tri_inv[i - 1] * pow_r_inv; } std::vector<T> p(n), q(l); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) p[i] = f[i] * pow_r_tri_inv[i]; for (int i = 0; i < l; ++i) q[i] = pow_r_tri[i]; std::reverse(p.begin(), p.end()); std::vector<T> pq = convolution(p, q); for (int k = 0; k < m; ++k) { g[k] = pow_r_tri_inv[k] * pq[n - 1 + k]; } return g; } } // namespace suisen #line 1 "library/convolution/arbitrary_mod_convolution.hpp" #line 6 "library/convolution/arbitrary_mod_convolution.hpp" #line 1 "library/convolution/convolution_naive.hpp" #line 5 "library/convolution/convolution_naive.hpp" namespace suisen::internal { template <typename T, typename R = T> std::vector<R> convolution_naive(const std::vector<T>& a, const std::vector<T>& b) { const int n = a.size(), m = b.size(); std::vector<R> c(n + m - 1); if (n < m) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) c[i + j] += R(a[i]) * b[j]; } else { for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) c[i + j] += R(a[i]) * b[j]; } return c; } } // namespace suisen #line 8 "library/convolution/arbitrary_mod_convolution.hpp" namespace suisen { template <typename mint, atcoder::internal::is_modint_t<mint>* = nullptr> std::vector<mint> arbitrary_mod_convolution(const std::vector<mint>& a, const std::vector<mint>& b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); if constexpr (atcoder::internal::is_static_modint<mint>::value) { if constexpr (not (mint::mod() & 63)) { int maxz = 1; while (not ((mint::mod() - 1) & maxz)) maxz <<= 1; int z = 1; while (z < n + m - 1) z <<= 1; if (z <= maxz) return atcoder::convolution<mint>(a, b); } } if (n == 0 or m == 0) return {}; if (std::min(n, m) <= 120) return internal::convolution_naive(a, b); static constexpr long long MOD1 = 754974721; // 2^24 static constexpr long long MOD2 = 167772161; // 2^25 static constexpr long long MOD3 = 469762049; // 2^26 static constexpr long long M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2; static constexpr long long INV_M1_MOD2 = atcoder::internal::inv_gcd(MOD1, MOD2).second; static constexpr long long INV_M1M2_MOD3 = atcoder::internal::inv_gcd(M1M2, MOD3).second; std::vector<int> a2(n), b2(m); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a2[i] = a[i].val(); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) b2[i] = b[i].val(); auto c1 = atcoder::convolution<MOD1>(a2, b2); auto c2 = atcoder::convolution<MOD2>(a2, b2); auto c3 = atcoder::convolution<MOD3>(a2, b2); const long long m1m2 = mint(M1M2).val(); std::vector<mint> c(n + m - 1); for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; ++i) { // Garner's Algorithm // X = x1 + x2 * m1 + x3 * m1 * m2 // x1 = c1[i], x2 = (c2[i] - x1) / m1 (mod m2), x3 = (c3[i] - x1 - x2 * m1) / m2 (mod m3) long long x1 = c1[i]; long long x2 = (atcoder::static_modint<MOD2>(c2[i] - x1) * INV_M1_MOD2).val(); long long x3 = (atcoder::static_modint<MOD3>(c3[i] - x1 - x2 * MOD1) * INV_M1M2_MOD3).val(); c[i] = x1 + x2 * MOD1 + x3 * m1m2; } return c; } std::vector<__uint128_t> convolution_int(const std::vector<int> &a, const std::vector<int> &b) { int n = int(a.size()), m = int(b.size()); auto check_nonnegative = [](int e) { return e >= 0; }; assert(std::all_of(a.begin(), a.end(), check_nonnegative)); assert(std::all_of(b.begin(), b.end(), check_nonnegative)); if (n == 0 or m == 0) return {}; if (std::min(n, m) <= 120) return internal::convolution_naive<int, __uint128_t>(a, b); static constexpr long long MOD1 = 754974721; // 2^24 static constexpr long long MOD2 = 167772161; // 2^25 static constexpr long long MOD3 = 469762049; // 2^26 static constexpr long long M1M2 = MOD1 * MOD2; static constexpr long long INV_M1_MOD2 = atcoder::internal::inv_gcd(MOD1, MOD2).second; static constexpr long long INV_M1M2_MOD3 = atcoder::internal::inv_gcd(M1M2, MOD3).second; auto c1 = atcoder::convolution<MOD1>(a, b); auto c2 = atcoder::convolution<MOD2>(a, b); auto c3 = atcoder::convolution<MOD3>(a, b); std::vector<__uint128_t> c(n + m - 1); for (int i = 0; i < n + m - 1; ++i) { // Garner's Algorithm // X = x1 + x2 * m1 + x3 * m1 * m2 // x1 = c1[i], x2 = (c2[i] - x1) / m1 (mod m2), x3 = (c3[i] - x1 - x2 * m1) / m2 (mod m3) int x1 = c1[i]; int x2 = (atcoder::static_modint<MOD2>(c2[i] - x1) * INV_M1_MOD2).val(); int x3 = (atcoder::static_modint<MOD3>(c3[i] - x1 - x2 * MOD1) * INV_M1M2_MOD3).val(); c[i] = x1 + x2 * MOD1 + __uint128_t(x3) * M1M2; } return c; } } // namespace suisen #line 8 "library/convolution/multi_variate_convolution_circular.hpp" #line 1 "library/number/deterministic_miller_rabin.hpp" #include <array> #include <cassert> #include <cstdint> #include <iterator> #include <tuple> #include <type_traits> #line 1 "library/number/montogomery.hpp" #line 6 "library/number/montogomery.hpp" #include <limits> namespace suisen { namespace internal::montgomery { template <typename Int, typename DInt> struct Montgomery { private: static constexpr uint32_t bits = std::numeric_limits<Int>::digits; static constexpr Int mask = ~Int(0); // R = 2**32 or 2**64 // 1. N is an odd number // 2. N < R // 3. gcd(N, R) = 1 // 4. R * R2 - N * N2 = 1 // 5. 0 < R2 < N // 6. 0 < N2 < R Int N, N2, R2; // RR = R * R (mod N) Int RR; public: constexpr Montgomery() = default; explicit constexpr Montgomery(Int N) : N(N), N2(calcN2(N)), R2(calcR2(N, N2)), RR(calcRR(N)) { assert(N & 1); } // @returns t * R (mod N) constexpr Int make(Int t) const { return reduce(static_cast<DInt>(t) * RR); } // @returns T * R^(-1) (mod N) constexpr Int reduce(DInt T) const { // 0 <= T < RN // Note: // 1. m = T * N2 (mod R) // 2. 0 <= m < R DInt m = modR(static_cast<DInt>(modR(T)) * N2); // Note: // T + m * N = T + T * N * N2 = T + T * (R * R2 - 1) = 0 (mod R) // => (T + m * N) / R is an integer. // => t * R = T + m * N = T (mod N) // => t = T R^(-1) (mod N) DInt t = divR(T + m * N); // Note: // 1. 0 <= T < RN // 2. 0 <= mN < RN (because 0 <= m < R) // => 0 <= T + mN < 2RN // => 0 <= t < 2N return t >= N ? t - N : t; } constexpr Int add(Int A, Int B) const { return (A += B) >= N ? A - N : A; } constexpr Int sub(Int A, Int B) const { return (A -= B) < 0 ? A + N : A; } constexpr Int mul(Int A, Int B) const { return reduce(static_cast<DInt>(A) * B); } constexpr Int div(Int A, Int B) const { return reduce(static_cast<DInt>(A) * inv(B)); } constexpr Int inv(Int A) const; // TODO: Implement constexpr Int pow(Int A, long long b) const { Int P = make(1); for (; b; b >>= 1) { if (b & 1) P = mul(P, A); A = mul(A, A); } return P; } private: static constexpr Int divR(DInt t) { return t >> bits; } static constexpr Int modR(DInt t) { return t & mask; } static constexpr Int calcN2(Int N) { // - N * N2 = 1 (mod R) // N2 = -N^{-1} (mod R) // calculates N^{-1} (mod R) by Newton's method DInt invN = N; // = N^{-1} (mod 2^2) for (uint32_t cur_bits = 2; cur_bits < bits; cur_bits *= 2) { // loop invariant: invN = N^{-1} (mod 2^cur_bits) // x = a^{-1} mod m => x(2-ax) = a^{-1} mod m^2 because: // ax = 1 (mod m) // => (ax-1)^2 = 0 (mod m^2) // => 2ax - a^2x^2 = 1 (mod m^2) // => a(x(2-ax)) = 1 (mod m^2) invN = modR(invN * modR(2 - N * invN)); } assert(modR(N * invN) == 1); return modR(-invN); } static constexpr Int calcR2(Int N, Int N2) { // R * R2 - N * N2 = 1 // => R2 = (1 + N * N2) / R return divR(1 + static_cast<DInt>(N) * N2); } static constexpr Int calcRR(Int N) { return -DInt(N) % N; } }; } // namespace internal::montgomery using Montgomery32 = internal::montgomery::Montgomery<uint32_t, uint64_t>; using Montgomery64 = internal::montgomery::Montgomery<uint64_t, __uint128_t>; } // namespace suisen #line 12 "library/number/deterministic_miller_rabin.hpp" namespace suisen::miller_rabin { namespace internal { constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_1 = 341531ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_1[]{ 9345883071009581737ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_2 = 1050535501ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_2[]{ 336781006125ULL, 9639812373923155ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_3 = 350269456337ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_3[]{ 4230279247111683200ULL, 14694767155120705706ULL, 16641139526367750375ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_4 = 55245642489451ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_4[]{ 2ULL, 141889084524735ULL, 1199124725622454117ULL, 11096072698276303650ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_5 = 7999252175582851ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_5[]{ 2ULL, 4130806001517ULL, 149795463772692060ULL, 186635894390467037ULL, 3967304179347715805ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_6 = 585226005592931977ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_6[]{ 2ULL, 123635709730000ULL, 9233062284813009ULL, 43835965440333360ULL, 761179012939631437ULL, 1263739024124850375ULL }; constexpr uint64_t BASE_7[]{ 2U, 325U, 9375U, 28178U, 450775U, 9780504U, 1795265022U }; template <auto BASE, std::size_t SIZE> constexpr bool miller_rabin(uint64_t n) { if (n == 2 or n == 3 or n == 5 or n == 7) return true; if (n <= 1 or n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0 or n % 5 == 0 or n % 7 == 0) return false; if (n < 121) return true; const uint32_t s = __builtin_ctzll(n - 1); // >= 1 const uint64_t d = (n - 1) >> s; const Montgomery64 mg{ n }; const uint64_t one = mg.make(1), minus_one = mg.make(n - 1); for (std::size_t i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { uint64_t a = BASE[i] % n; if (a == 0) continue; uint64_t Y = mg.pow(mg.make(a), d); if (Y == one) continue; for (uint32_t r = 0;; ++r, Y = mg.mul(Y, Y)) { // Y = a^(d 2^r) if (Y == minus_one) break; if (r == s - 1) return false; } } return true; } } template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> constexpr bool is_prime(T n) { if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<T>) { assert(n >= 0); } const std::make_unsigned_t<T> n_unsigned = n; assert(n_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()); // n < 2^64 using namespace internal; if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_1) return miller_rabin<BASE_1, 1>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_2) return miller_rabin<BASE_2, 2>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_3) return miller_rabin<BASE_3, 3>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_4) return miller_rabin<BASE_4, 4>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_5) return miller_rabin<BASE_5, 5>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_6) return miller_rabin<BASE_6, 6>(n_unsigned); return miller_rabin<BASE_7, 7>(n_unsigned); } } // namespace suisen::miller_rabin #line 1 "library/number/primitive_root.hpp" #line 1 "library/number/order_Z_mZ.hpp" #include <map> #line 6 "library/number/order_Z_mZ.hpp" #line 1 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" #include <cmath> #line 6 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" #include <random> #include <numeric> #include <utility> #line 1 "library/type_traits/type_traits.hpp" #line 7 "library/type_traits/type_traits.hpp" namespace suisen { template <typename ...Constraints> using constraints_t = std::enable_if_t<std::conjunction_v<Constraints...>, std::nullptr_t>; template <typename T, typename = std::nullptr_t> struct bitnum { static constexpr int value = 0; }; template <typename T> struct bitnum<T, constraints_t<std::is_integral<T>>> { static constexpr int value = std::numeric_limits<std::make_unsigned_t<T>>::digits; }; template <typename T> static constexpr int bitnum_v = bitnum<T>::value; template <typename T, size_t n> struct is_nbit { static constexpr bool value = bitnum_v<T> == n; }; template <typename T, size_t n> static constexpr bool is_nbit_v = is_nbit<T, n>::value; template <typename T, typename = std::nullptr_t> struct safely_multipliable { using type = T; }; template <typename T> struct safely_multipliable<T, constraints_t<std::is_signed<T>, is_nbit<T, 32>>> { using type = long long; }; template <typename T> struct safely_multipliable<T, constraints_t<std::is_signed<T>, is_nbit<T, 64>>> { using type = __int128_t; }; template <typename T> struct safely_multipliable<T, constraints_t<std::is_unsigned<T>, is_nbit<T, 32>>> { using type = unsigned long long; }; template <typename T> struct safely_multipliable<T, constraints_t<std::is_unsigned<T>, is_nbit<T, 64>>> { using type = __uint128_t; }; template <typename T> using safely_multipliable_t = typename safely_multipliable<T>::type; template <typename T, typename = void> struct rec_value_type { using type = T; }; template <typename T> struct rec_value_type<T, std::void_t<typename T::value_type>> { using type = typename rec_value_type<typename T::value_type>::type; }; template <typename T> using rec_value_type_t = typename rec_value_type<T>::type; template <typename T> class is_iterable { template <typename T_> static auto test(T_ e) -> decltype(e.begin(), e.end(), std::true_type{}); static std::false_type test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = decltype(test(std::declval<T>()))::value; }; template <typename T> static constexpr bool is_iterable_v = is_iterable<T>::value; template <typename T> class is_writable { template <typename T_> static auto test(T_ e) -> decltype(std::declval<std::ostream&>() << e, std::true_type{}); static std::false_type test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = decltype(test(std::declval<T>()))::value; }; template <typename T> static constexpr bool is_writable_v = is_writable<T>::value; template <typename T> class is_readable { template <typename T_> static auto test(T_ e) -> decltype(std::declval<std::istream&>() >> e, std::true_type{}); static std::false_type test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = decltype(test(std::declval<T>()))::value; }; template <typename T> static constexpr bool is_readable_v = is_readable<T>::value; } // namespace suisen #line 11 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" #line 1 "library/number/sieve_of_eratosthenes.hpp" #line 7 "library/number/sieve_of_eratosthenes.hpp" #line 1 "library/number/internal_eratosthenes.hpp" #line 6 "library/number/internal_eratosthenes.hpp" namespace suisen::internal::sieve { constexpr std::uint8_t K = 8; constexpr std::uint8_t PROD = 2 * 3 * 5; constexpr std::uint8_t RM[K] = { 1, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 }; constexpr std::uint8_t DR[K] = { 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2 }; constexpr std::uint8_t DF[K][K] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }, { 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 }, { 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 1 }, { 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1 }, { 3, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1 }, { 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 1 }, { 5, 3, 1, 4, 1, 3, 5, 1 }, { 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 1 }, }; constexpr std::uint8_t DRP[K] = { 48, 32, 16, 32, 16, 32, 48, 16 }; constexpr std::uint8_t DFP[K][K] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8 }, { 8, 8, 8, 0, 8, 8, 8, 8 }, { 16, 16, 0, 16, 0, 16, 16, 8 }, { 24, 8, 8, 16, 8, 8, 24, 8 }, { 24, 24, 8, 16, 8, 24, 24, 8 }, { 32, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 32, 8 }, { 40, 24, 8, 32, 8, 24, 40, 8 }, { 48, 32, 16, 32, 16, 32, 48, 8 }, }; constexpr std::uint8_t MASK[K][K] = { { 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80 }, { 0x02, 0x20, 0x10, 0x01, 0x80, 0x08, 0x04, 0x40 }, { 0x04, 0x10, 0x01, 0x40, 0x02, 0x80, 0x08, 0x20 }, { 0x08, 0x01, 0x40, 0x20, 0x04, 0x02, 0x80, 0x10 }, { 0x10, 0x80, 0x02, 0x04, 0x20, 0x40, 0x01, 0x08 }, { 0x20, 0x08, 0x80, 0x02, 0x40, 0x01, 0x10, 0x04 }, { 0x40, 0x04, 0x08, 0x80, 0x01, 0x10, 0x20, 0x02 }, { 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01 }, }; constexpr std::uint8_t OFFSET[K][K] = { { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, }, { 1, 5, 4, 0, 7, 3, 2, 6, }, { 2, 4, 0, 6, 1, 7, 3, 5, }, { 3, 0, 6, 5, 2, 1, 7, 4, }, { 4, 7, 1, 2, 5, 6, 0, 3, }, { 5, 3, 7, 1, 6, 0, 4, 2, }, { 6, 2, 3, 7, 0, 4, 5, 1, }, { 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, }, }; constexpr std::uint8_t mask_to_index(const std::uint8_t bits) { switch (bits) { case 1 << 0: return 0; case 1 << 1: return 1; case 1 << 2: return 2; case 1 << 3: return 3; case 1 << 4: return 4; case 1 << 5: return 5; case 1 << 6: return 6; case 1 << 7: return 7; default: assert(false); } } } // namespace suisen::internal::sieve #line 9 "library/number/sieve_of_eratosthenes.hpp" namespace suisen { template <unsigned int N> class SimpleSieve { private: static constexpr unsigned int siz = N / internal::sieve::PROD + 1; static std::uint8_t flag[siz]; public: SimpleSieve() { using namespace internal::sieve; flag[0] |= 1; unsigned int k_max = (unsigned int) std::sqrt(N + 2) / PROD; for (unsigned int kp = 0; kp <= k_max; ++kp) { for (std::uint8_t bits = ~flag[kp]; bits; bits &= bits - 1) { const std::uint8_t mp = mask_to_index(bits & -bits), m = RM[mp]; unsigned int kr = kp * (PROD * kp + 2 * m) + m * m / PROD; for (std::uint8_t mq = mp; kr < siz; kr += kp * DR[mq] + DF[mp][mq], ++mq &= 7) { flag[kr] |= MASK[mp][mq]; } } } } std::vector<int> prime_list(unsigned int max_val = N) const { using namespace internal::sieve; std::vector<int> res { 2, 3, 5 }; res.reserve(max_val / 25); for (unsigned int i = 0, offset = 0; i < siz and offset < max_val; ++i, offset += PROD) { for (uint8_t f = ~flag[i]; f;) { uint8_t g = f & -f; res.push_back(offset + RM[mask_to_index(g)]); f ^= g; } } while (res.size() and (unsigned int) res.back() > max_val) res.pop_back(); return res; } bool is_prime(const unsigned int p) const { using namespace internal::sieve; switch (p) { case 2: case 3: case 5: return true; default: switch (p % PROD) { case RM[0]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 0) & 1) == 0; case RM[1]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 1) & 1) == 0; case RM[2]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 2) & 1) == 0; case RM[3]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 3) & 1) == 0; case RM[4]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 4) & 1) == 0; case RM[5]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 5) & 1) == 0; case RM[6]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 6) & 1) == 0; case RM[7]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 7) & 1) == 0; default: return false; } } } }; template <unsigned int N> std::uint8_t SimpleSieve<N>::flag[SimpleSieve<N>::siz]; template <unsigned int N> class Sieve { private: static constexpr unsigned int base_max = (N + 1) * internal::sieve::K / internal::sieve::PROD; static unsigned int pf[base_max + internal::sieve::K]; public: Sieve() { using namespace internal::sieve; pf[0] = 1; unsigned int k_max = ((unsigned int) std::sqrt(N + 1) - 1) / PROD; for (unsigned int kp = 0; kp <= k_max; ++kp) { const int base_i = kp * K, base_act_i = kp * PROD; for (int mp = 0; mp < K; ++mp) { const int m = RM[mp], i = base_i + mp; if (pf[i] == 0) { unsigned int act_i = base_act_i + m; unsigned int base_k = (kp * (PROD * kp + 2 * m) + m * m / PROD) * K; for (std::uint8_t mq = mp; base_k <= base_max; base_k += kp * DRP[mq] + DFP[mp][mq], ++mq &= 7) { pf[base_k + OFFSET[mp][mq]] = act_i; } } } } } bool is_prime(const unsigned int p) const { using namespace internal::sieve; switch (p) { case 2: case 3: case 5: return true; default: switch (p % PROD) { case RM[0]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 0] == 0; case RM[1]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 1] == 0; case RM[2]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 2] == 0; case RM[3]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 3] == 0; case RM[4]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 4] == 0; case RM[5]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 5] == 0; case RM[6]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 6] == 0; case RM[7]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 7] == 0; default: return false; } } } int prime_factor(const unsigned int p) const { using namespace internal::sieve; switch (p % PROD) { case 0: case 2: case 4: case 6: case 8: case 10: case 12: case 14: case 16: case 18: case 20: case 22: case 24: case 26: case 28: return 2; case 3: case 9: case 15: case 21: case 27: return 3; case 5: case 25: return 5; case RM[0]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 0] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 0] : p; case RM[1]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 1] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 1] : p; case RM[2]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 2] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 2] : p; case RM[3]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 3] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 3] : p; case RM[4]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 4] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 4] : p; case RM[5]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 5] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 5] : p; case RM[6]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 6] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 6] : p; case RM[7]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 7] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 7] : p; default: assert(false); } } /** * Returns a vector of `{ prime, index }`. */ std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> factorize(unsigned int n) const { assert(0 < n and n <= N); std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> prime_powers; while (n > 1) { int p = prime_factor(n), c = 0; do { n /= p, ++c; } while (n % p == 0); prime_powers.emplace_back(p, c); } return prime_powers; } /** * Returns the divisors of `n`. * It is NOT guaranteed that the returned vector is sorted. */ std::vector<int> divisors(unsigned int n) const { assert(0 < n and n <= N); std::vector<int> divs { 1 }; for (auto [prime, index] : factorize(n)) { int sz = divs.size(); for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) { int d = divs[i]; for (int j = 0; j < index; ++j) { divs.push_back(d *= prime); } } } return divs; } }; template <unsigned int N> unsigned int Sieve<N>::pf[Sieve<N>::base_max + internal::sieve::K]; } // namespace suisen #line 14 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" namespace suisen::fast_factorize { namespace internal { template <typename T> constexpr int floor_log2(T n) { int i = 0; while (n) n >>= 1, ++i; return i - 1; } template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> T pollard_rho(const T n) { using M = safely_multipliable_t<T>; const T m = T(1) << (floor_log2(n) / 5); static std::mt19937_64 rng{std::random_device{}()}; std::uniform_int_distribution<T> dist(0, n - 1); // const Montgomery64 mg{n}; while (true) { T c = dist(rng); auto f = [&](T x) -> T { return (M(x) * x + c) % n; }; T x, y = 2, ys, q = 1, g = 1; for (T r = 1; g == 1; r <<= 1) { x = y; for (T i = 0; i < r; ++i) y = f(y); for (T k = 0; k < r and g == 1; k += m) { ys = y; for (T i = 0; i < std::min(m, r - k); ++i) y = f(y), q = M(q) * (x > y ? x - y : y - x) % n; g = std::gcd(q, n); } } if (g == n) { g = 1; while (g == 1) ys = f(ys), g = std::gcd(x > ys ? x - ys : ys - x, n); } if (g < n) { if (miller_rabin::is_prime(g)) return g; if (T d = n / g; miller_rabin::is_prime(d)) return d; return pollard_rho(g); } } } } template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> std::vector<std::pair<T, int>> factorize(T n) { static constexpr int threshold = 1000000; static Sieve<threshold> sieve; std::vector<std::pair<T, int>> res; if (n <= threshold) { for (auto [p, q] : sieve.factorize(n)) res.emplace_back(p, q); return res; } if ((n & 1) == 0) { int q = 0; do ++q, n >>= 1; while ((n & 1) == 0); res.emplace_back(2, q); } for (T p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { if (p >= 101 and n >= 1 << 20) { while (n > 1) { if (miller_rabin::is_prime(n)) { res.emplace_back(std::exchange(n, 1), 1); } else { p = internal::pollard_rho(n); int q = 0; do ++q, n /= p; while (n % p == 0); res.emplace_back(p, q); } } break; } if (n % p == 0) { int q = 0; do ++q, n /= p; while (n % p == 0); res.emplace_back(p, q); } } if (n > 1) res.emplace_back(n, 1); return res; } } // namespace suisen::fast_factorize #line 9 "library/number/order_Z_mZ.hpp" namespace suisen { namespace internal::order_prime_mod { template <int id> struct mint64 { static uint64_t mod() { return _mod; } static void set_mod(uint64_t new_mod) { mint64<id>::_mod = new_mod; } mint64() : _val(0) {} mint64(long long val) : _val(safe_mod(val)) {} uint64_t val() { return _val; } friend mint64& operator*=(mint64& x, const mint64& y) { x._val = __uint128_t(x._val) * y._val % _mod; return x; } friend mint64 operator*(mint64 x, const mint64& y) { x *= y; return x; } mint64 pow(long long b) const { assert(b >= 0); mint64 p = *this, res = 1; for (; b; b >>= 1) { if (b & 1) res *= p; p *= p; } return res; } private: static inline uint64_t _mod; uint64_t _val; static uint64_t safe_mod(long long val) { return (val %= _mod) < 0 ? val + _mod : val; } }; } template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> struct OrderMod { using U = std::make_unsigned_t<T>; OrderMod() = default; OrderMod(T m) : _mod(m) { auto factorized = fast_factorize::factorize<T>(_mod); _is_prime = factorized.size() == 1; _lambda = _carmichael(factorized); _phi = _totient(factorized); for (auto [p, q] : fast_factorize::factorize<T>(_lambda)) { U r = 1; for (int i = 0; i < q; ++i) r *= p; _fac_lambda.emplace_back(p, q, r); } } bool is_primitive_root(U a) const { if (_mod < 1ULL << 32) { using mint = atcoder::dynamic_modint<1000000000>; U old_mod = mint::mod(); mint::set_mod(_mod); bool res = _is_primitive_root_impl<mint>(a); mint::set_mod(old_mod); return res; } else { using mint = internal::order_prime_mod::mint64<1000000000>; U old_mod = mint::mod(); mint::set_mod(_mod); bool res = _is_primitive_root_impl<mint>(a); mint::set_mod(old_mod); return res; } } T primitive_root() const { assert(_lambda == _phi); if (_mod < 1ULL << 32) { return _primitive_root_impl<std::mt19937>(); } else { return _primitive_root_impl<std::mt19937_64>(); } } T operator()(U a) const { if (_mod < 1ULL << 31) { using mint = atcoder::dynamic_modint<1000000000>; U old_mod = mint::mod(); mint::set_mod(_mod); T res = _order_impl<mint>(a); mint::set_mod(old_mod); return res; } else { using mint = internal::order_prime_mod::mint64<1000000000>; U old_mod = mint::mod(); mint::set_mod(_mod); T res = _order_impl<mint>(a); mint::set_mod(old_mod); return res; } } T mod() const { return _mod; } T totient() const { return _phi; } T carmichael() const { return _lambda; } bool is_prime() const { return _is_prime; } std::vector<T> carmichael_prime_factors() const { std::vector<T> res; for (const auto &e : _fac_lambda) res.push_back(std::get<0>(e)); return res; } private: U _mod; U _phi; U _lambda; bool _is_prime; std::vector<std::tuple<U, int, U>> _fac_lambda; static T _carmichael(const std::vector<std::pair<T, int>>& factorized) { T lambda = 1; for (auto [p, ep] : factorized) { T phi = p - 1; int exponent = ep - (1 + (p == 2 and ep >= 3)); for (int i = 0; i < exponent; ++i) phi *= p; lambda = std::lcm(lambda, phi); } return lambda; } static T _totient(const std::vector<std::pair<T, int>>& factorized) { T t = 1; for (const auto& [p, ep] : factorized) { t *= p - 1; for (int i = 0; i < ep - 1; ++i) t *= p; } return t; } template <typename mint> bool _is_primitive_root_impl(U a) const { if (_lambda != _phi) return false; if (_mod == 2) return a % 2 == 1; const int k = _fac_lambda.size(); U x = _lambda; for (const auto& [p, q, pq] : _fac_lambda) x /= p; mint b = mint(a).pow(x); if (k == 1) return b.val() != 1; auto dfs = [&](auto dfs, const int l, const int r, const mint val) -> bool { const int m = (l + r) >> 1; U lp = 1; for (int i = m; i < r; ++i) lp *= std::get<0>(_fac_lambda[i]); mint lval = val.pow(lp); if (m - l == 1) { if (lval.val() == 1) return false; } else { if (not dfs(dfs, l, m, lval)) return false; } U rp = 1; for (int i = l; i < m; ++i) rp *= std::get<0>(_fac_lambda[i]); mint rval = val.pow(rp); if (r - m == 1) { if (rval.val() == 1) return false; } else { if (not dfs(dfs, m, r, rval)) return false; } return true; }; return dfs(dfs, 0, k, b); } template <typename Rng> T _primitive_root_impl() const { if (_mod == 2) return 1; Rng rng{ std::random_device{}() }; while (true) { U a = rng() % (_mod - 2) + 2; while (not _is_prime and std::gcd(a, _mod) != 1) { a = rng() % (_mod - 2) + 2; } if (is_primitive_root(a)) return a; } } template <typename mint> U _order_impl(U a) const { if (_mod == 2) return a % 2 == 1; const int k = _fac_lambda.size(); U res = 1; auto update = [&](U p, mint val) { while (val.val() != 1) { val = val.pow(p); res *= p; } }; if (k == 1) { update(std::get<0>(_fac_lambda.front()), a); return res; } auto dfs = [&](auto dfs, const int l, const int r, const mint val) -> void { const int m = (l + r) >> 1; U lp = 1; for (int i = m; i < r; ++i) lp *= std::get<2>(_fac_lambda[i]); mint lval = val.pow(lp); if (m - l == 1) { update(std::get<0>(_fac_lambda[l]), lval); } else { dfs(dfs, l, m, lval); } U rp = 1; for (int i = l; i < m; ++i) rp *= std::get<2>(_fac_lambda[i]); mint rval = val.pow(rp); if (r - m == 1) { update(std::get<0>(_fac_lambda[m]), rval); } else { dfs(dfs, m, r, rval); } }; dfs(dfs, 0, k, a); return res; } }; } // namespace suisen #line 5 "library/number/primitive_root.hpp" namespace suisen { template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> T primitive_root(T p) { return OrderMod<T>{p}.primitive_root(); } } // namespace suisen #line 1 "library/number/garner.hpp" #line 1 "library/number/ext_gcd.hpp" #line 7 "library/number/ext_gcd.hpp" #include <optional> #line 10 "library/number/ext_gcd.hpp" namespace suisen { constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) { x %= m; return x < 0 ? x + m : x; } // returns {x,y,g} s.t. ax+by=g=gcd(a,b)>=0. std::tuple<long long, long long, long long> ext_gcd(long long a, long long b) { long long x = 1, y = 0; long long z = 0, w = 1; while (b) { long long p = a / b, q = a % b; x -= y * p, std::swap(x, y); z -= w * p, std::swap(z, w); a = b, b = q; } if (a < 0) { x = -x, z = -z, a = -a; } return { x, z, a }; } // returns {x,g} s.t. a*x=g (mod m) std::pair<long long, long long> gcd_inv(long long a, long long m) { auto [x, y, g] = ext_gcd(a, m); return { safe_mod(x, m), g }; } // returns x s.t. a*x=1 (mod m) if exists, otherwise throws runtime error. long long inv_mod(long long a, long long mod) { auto [inv, y, g] = ext_gcd(a, mod); assert(g == 1); return safe_mod(inv, mod); } } // namespace suisen #line 6 "library/number/garner.hpp" namespace suisen { /** * @brief Calculates x mod m s.t. x = x_i (mod m_i). m_i should be coprime each other. * @param eq vector of { x_i, m_i } * @return x mod m s.t. x = x_i (mod m_i) */ int garner(std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> eq, int m) { const int n = eq.size(); std::vector<long long> a(n); auto calc_prefix = [&](int i, long long mod) { long long res = 0; long long prd = 1; for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) { (res += a[j] * prd) %= mod; (prd *= eq[j].second) %= mod; } return res; }; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { auto [xi, mi] = eq[i]; a[i] = (xi - calc_prefix(i, mi)) % mi; if (a[i] < 0) a[i] += mi; for (int j = 0; j < i; ++j) { long long mj = eq[j].second; a[i] *= inv_mod(mj, mi); a[i] %= mi; } } return calc_prefix(n, m); } } // namespace suisen #line 12 "library/convolution/multi_variate_convolution_circular.hpp" namespace suisen { namespace internal { template <typename mint, std::enable_if_t<atcoder::internal::is_modint<mint>::value, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> struct multi_variate_convolution_circular { multi_variate_convolution_circular() = default; multi_variate_convolution_circular(std::vector<int> n) : _d(n.size()), _l(std::reduce(n.begin(), n.end(), 1, std::multiplies<int>())), _n(n), _g(_d), _ig(_d) { assert(miller_rabin::is_prime(mint::mod())); mint g = primitive_root(mint::mod()); for (int i = 0; i < _d; ++i) { assert((mint::mod() - 1) % n[i] == 0); _g[i] = g.pow((mint::mod() - 1) / n[i]); _ig[i] = _g[i].inv(); } } std::vector<mint> convolution(std::vector<mint> f, std::vector<mint> g) { fft(f, false), fft(g, false); for (int i = 0; i < _l; ++i) f[i] *= g[i]; fft(f, true); return f; } std::vector<mint> operator()(const std::vector<mint>& f, const std::vector<mint>& g) { return convolution(f, g); } private: int _d, _l; std::vector<int> _n; std::vector<mint> _g, _ig; void fft(std::vector<mint>& f, bool inverse) { const auto& g = inverse ? _g : _ig; for (int i = 0, block = 1; i < _d; ++i) { std::vector<mint> x(_n[i]); const int nblock = block * _n[i]; for (int l = 0; l + nblock <= _l; l += nblock) { for (int start = l; start < l + block; ++start) { if (_n[i] == 2) { mint u = f[start], v = f[start + block]; f[start] = u + v; f[start + block] = u - v; } else if (_n[i] == 3) { mint u = f[start], v = f[start + block], w = f[start + block + block]; f[start] = u + v + w; f[start + block] = u + (v + w * g[i]) * g[i]; f[start + block + block] = u + (w + v * g[i]) * g[i]; } else { for (int p = 0; p < _n[i]; ++p) x[p] = f[start + p * block]; if (_n[i] <= 100) { x = internal::chirp_z_transform_naive<mint>(x, 1, g[i], _n[i]); } else { x = chirp_z_transform<mint>(x, 1, g[i], _n[i], arbitrary_mod_convolution<mint>); } for (int p = 0; p < _n[i]; ++p) f[start + p * block] = x[p]; } } } block = nblock; } if (inverse) { mint iz = mint(f.size()).inv(); for (auto& e : f) e *= iz; } } }; } template <typename mint, std::enable_if_t<atcoder::internal::is_modint<mint>::value, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> struct multi_variate_convolution_circular { private: using mint2 = atcoder::dynamic_modint<102938478>; public: multi_variate_convolution_circular() = default; multi_variate_convolution_circular(std::vector<int> n) : _d(n.size()), _l(std::reduce(n.begin(), n.end(), 1, std::multiplies<int>())), _n(n) { const __int128_t max_val = __int128_t(mint::mod() - 1) * (mint::mod() - 1) * _l; const int t = std::reduce(n.begin(), n.end(), 1, [](int x, int y) { return std::lcm(x, y); }); if ((mint::mod() - 1) % t == 0) { _mods = { mint::mod() }; } else { __int128_t prod = 1; for (int k = 1000000000 / t; k >= 0; --k) if (const int p = k * t + 1; miller_rabin::is_prime(p)) { _mods.push_back(p); prod *= p; if (prod >= max_val) break; } assert(prod >= max_val); } const int m = _mods.size(); _cnvs.resize(m); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) with_kth_mod(i, [&, this] { _cnvs[i] = internal::multi_variate_convolution_circular<mint2>(_n); }); } std::vector<mint> convolution(std::vector<mint> f, const std::vector<mint>& g) { assert(int(f.size()) == _l and int(g.size()) == _l); if (_d == 0) return { f[0] * g[0] }; // if (_d == 1) return arbitrary_mod_convolution<mint>(f, g); if (_l <= 60) return convolution_naive(f, g); const int m = _mods.size(); std::vector res(m, std::vector<int>(_l)); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) with_kth_mod(i, [&, this] { std::vector<mint2> f2(_l), g2(_l); for (int j = 0; j < _l; ++j) f2[j] = f[j].val(), g2[j] = g[j].val(); std::vector<mint2> h = _cnvs[i](f2, g2); for (int j = 0; j < _l; ++j) res[i][j] = h[j].val(); }); std::vector<mint> h(_l); for (int j = 0; j < _l; ++j) { std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> eq(m); for (int i = 0; i < m; ++i) { eq[i] = { res[i][j], _mods[i] }; } h[j] = garner(eq, mint::mod()); } return h; } std::vector<mint> operator()(const std::vector<mint>& f, const std::vector<mint>& g) { return convolution(f, g); } std::vector<mint> convolution_naive(const std::vector<mint>& f, const std::vector<mint>& g) { std::vector<mint> h(_l); for (int i = 0; i < _l; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < _l; ++j) { int k = 0; for (int d = 0, i2 = i, j2 = j, prd = 1; d < _d; ++d) { k += prd * ((i2 + j2) % _n[d]); i2 /= _n[d], j2 /= _n[d], prd *= _n[d]; } h[k] += f[i] * g[j]; } return h; } private: int _d, _l; std::vector<int> _n; std::vector<int> _mods; std::vector<internal::multi_variate_convolution_circular<mint2>> _cnvs; template <typename F> void with_kth_mod(int k, F&& f) { int old_mod = mint2::mod(); mint2::set_mod(_mods[k]); f(); if (old_mod >= 1) mint2::set_mod(old_mod); } }; } // namespace suisen #line 19 "test/src/convolution/multi_variate_convolution_circular/multivariate_convolution_cyclic.test.cpp" int main() { int p, k; std::cin >> p >> k; mint::set_mod(p); int n = 1; std::vector<int> ns(k); for (auto &e : ns) std::cin >> e, n *= e; suisen::multi_variate_convolution_circular<mint> conv(ns); std::vector<mint> f(n), g(n); for (auto &e : f) std::cin >> e; for (auto &e : g) std::cin >> e; std::vector<mint> h = conv(f, g); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { std::cout << h[i].val() << " \n"[i + 1 == n]; } }