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#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/tetration_mod" #include <iostream> #include "library/number/tetration_mod.hpp" int main() { std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); std::cin.tie(nullptr); int t; std::cin >> t; for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) { int a, b, m; std::cin >> a >> b >> m; std::cout << suisen::tetration_mod(a, b, m) << '\n'; } return 0; }
#line 1 "test/src/number/tetration_mod/tetration_mod.test.cpp" #define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/tetration_mod" #include <iostream> #line 1 "library/number/tetration_mod.hpp" #include <numeric> #include <optional> #line 1 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" #include <cmath> #line 6 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" #include <random> #line 8 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" #include <utility> #line 1 "library/type_traits/type_traits.hpp" #include <limits> #line 6 "library/type_traits/type_traits.hpp" #include <type_traits> namespace suisen { template <typename ...Constraints> using constraints_t = std::enable_if_t<std::conjunction_v<Constraints...>, std::nullptr_t>; template <typename T, typename = std::nullptr_t> struct bitnum { static constexpr int value = 0; }; template <typename T> struct bitnum<T, constraints_t<std::is_integral<T>>> { static constexpr int value = std::numeric_limits<std::make_unsigned_t<T>>::digits; }; template <typename T> static constexpr int bitnum_v = bitnum<T>::value; template <typename T, size_t n> struct is_nbit { static constexpr bool value = bitnum_v<T> == n; }; template <typename T, size_t n> static constexpr bool is_nbit_v = is_nbit<T, n>::value; template <typename T, typename = std::nullptr_t> struct safely_multipliable { using type = T; }; template <typename T> struct safely_multipliable<T, constraints_t<std::is_signed<T>, is_nbit<T, 32>>> { using type = long long; }; template <typename T> struct safely_multipliable<T, constraints_t<std::is_signed<T>, is_nbit<T, 64>>> { using type = __int128_t; }; template <typename T> struct safely_multipliable<T, constraints_t<std::is_unsigned<T>, is_nbit<T, 32>>> { using type = unsigned long long; }; template <typename T> struct safely_multipliable<T, constraints_t<std::is_unsigned<T>, is_nbit<T, 64>>> { using type = __uint128_t; }; template <typename T> using safely_multipliable_t = typename safely_multipliable<T>::type; template <typename T, typename = void> struct rec_value_type { using type = T; }; template <typename T> struct rec_value_type<T, std::void_t<typename T::value_type>> { using type = typename rec_value_type<typename T::value_type>::type; }; template <typename T> using rec_value_type_t = typename rec_value_type<T>::type; template <typename T> class is_iterable { template <typename T_> static auto test(T_ e) -> decltype(e.begin(), e.end(), std::true_type{}); static std::false_type test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = decltype(test(std::declval<T>()))::value; }; template <typename T> static constexpr bool is_iterable_v = is_iterable<T>::value; template <typename T> class is_writable { template <typename T_> static auto test(T_ e) -> decltype(std::declval<std::ostream&>() << e, std::true_type{}); static std::false_type test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = decltype(test(std::declval<T>()))::value; }; template <typename T> static constexpr bool is_writable_v = is_writable<T>::value; template <typename T> class is_readable { template <typename T_> static auto test(T_ e) -> decltype(std::declval<std::istream&>() >> e, std::true_type{}); static std::false_type test(...); public: static constexpr bool value = decltype(test(std::declval<T>()))::value; }; template <typename T> static constexpr bool is_readable_v = is_readable<T>::value; } // namespace suisen #line 11 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" #line 1 "library/number/deterministic_miller_rabin.hpp" #include <array> #include <cassert> #include <cstdint> #include <iterator> #include <tuple> #line 10 "library/number/deterministic_miller_rabin.hpp" #line 1 "library/number/montogomery.hpp" #line 7 "library/number/montogomery.hpp" namespace suisen { namespace internal::montgomery { template <typename Int, typename DInt> struct Montgomery { private: static constexpr uint32_t bits = std::numeric_limits<Int>::digits; static constexpr Int mask = ~Int(0); // R = 2**32 or 2**64 // 1. N is an odd number // 2. N < R // 3. gcd(N, R) = 1 // 4. R * R2 - N * N2 = 1 // 5. 0 < R2 < N // 6. 0 < N2 < R Int N, N2, R2; // RR = R * R (mod N) Int RR; public: constexpr Montgomery() = default; explicit constexpr Montgomery(Int N) : N(N), N2(calcN2(N)), R2(calcR2(N, N2)), RR(calcRR(N)) { assert(N & 1); } // @returns t * R (mod N) constexpr Int make(Int t) const { return reduce(static_cast<DInt>(t) * RR); } // @returns T * R^(-1) (mod N) constexpr Int reduce(DInt T) const { // 0 <= T < RN // Note: // 1. m = T * N2 (mod R) // 2. 0 <= m < R DInt m = modR(static_cast<DInt>(modR(T)) * N2); // Note: // T + m * N = T + T * N * N2 = T + T * (R * R2 - 1) = 0 (mod R) // => (T + m * N) / R is an integer. // => t * R = T + m * N = T (mod N) // => t = T R^(-1) (mod N) DInt t = divR(T + m * N); // Note: // 1. 0 <= T < RN // 2. 0 <= mN < RN (because 0 <= m < R) // => 0 <= T + mN < 2RN // => 0 <= t < 2N return t >= N ? t - N : t; } constexpr Int add(Int A, Int B) const { return (A += B) >= N ? A - N : A; } constexpr Int sub(Int A, Int B) const { return (A -= B) < 0 ? A + N : A; } constexpr Int mul(Int A, Int B) const { return reduce(static_cast<DInt>(A) * B); } constexpr Int div(Int A, Int B) const { return reduce(static_cast<DInt>(A) * inv(B)); } constexpr Int inv(Int A) const; // TODO: Implement constexpr Int pow(Int A, long long b) const { Int P = make(1); for (; b; b >>= 1) { if (b & 1) P = mul(P, A); A = mul(A, A); } return P; } private: static constexpr Int divR(DInt t) { return t >> bits; } static constexpr Int modR(DInt t) { return t & mask; } static constexpr Int calcN2(Int N) { // - N * N2 = 1 (mod R) // N2 = -N^{-1} (mod R) // calculates N^{-1} (mod R) by Newton's method DInt invN = N; // = N^{-1} (mod 2^2) for (uint32_t cur_bits = 2; cur_bits < bits; cur_bits *= 2) { // loop invariant: invN = N^{-1} (mod 2^cur_bits) // x = a^{-1} mod m => x(2-ax) = a^{-1} mod m^2 because: // ax = 1 (mod m) // => (ax-1)^2 = 0 (mod m^2) // => 2ax - a^2x^2 = 1 (mod m^2) // => a(x(2-ax)) = 1 (mod m^2) invN = modR(invN * modR(2 - N * invN)); } assert(modR(N * invN) == 1); return modR(-invN); } static constexpr Int calcR2(Int N, Int N2) { // R * R2 - N * N2 = 1 // => R2 = (1 + N * N2) / R return divR(1 + static_cast<DInt>(N) * N2); } static constexpr Int calcRR(Int N) { return -DInt(N) % N; } }; } // namespace internal::montgomery using Montgomery32 = internal::montgomery::Montgomery<uint32_t, uint64_t>; using Montgomery64 = internal::montgomery::Montgomery<uint64_t, __uint128_t>; } // namespace suisen #line 12 "library/number/deterministic_miller_rabin.hpp" namespace suisen::miller_rabin { namespace internal { constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_1 = 341531ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_1[]{ 9345883071009581737ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_2 = 1050535501ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_2[]{ 336781006125ULL, 9639812373923155ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_3 = 350269456337ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_3[]{ 4230279247111683200ULL, 14694767155120705706ULL, 16641139526367750375ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_4 = 55245642489451ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_4[]{ 2ULL, 141889084524735ULL, 1199124725622454117ULL, 11096072698276303650ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_5 = 7999252175582851ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_5[]{ 2ULL, 4130806001517ULL, 149795463772692060ULL, 186635894390467037ULL, 3967304179347715805ULL }; constexpr uint64_t THRESHOLD_6 = 585226005592931977ULL; constexpr uint64_t BASE_6[]{ 2ULL, 123635709730000ULL, 9233062284813009ULL, 43835965440333360ULL, 761179012939631437ULL, 1263739024124850375ULL }; constexpr uint64_t BASE_7[]{ 2U, 325U, 9375U, 28178U, 450775U, 9780504U, 1795265022U }; template <auto BASE, std::size_t SIZE> constexpr bool miller_rabin(uint64_t n) { if (n == 2 or n == 3 or n == 5 or n == 7) return true; if (n <= 1 or n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0 or n % 5 == 0 or n % 7 == 0) return false; if (n < 121) return true; const uint32_t s = __builtin_ctzll(n - 1); // >= 1 const uint64_t d = (n - 1) >> s; const Montgomery64 mg{ n }; const uint64_t one = mg.make(1), minus_one = mg.make(n - 1); for (std::size_t i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { uint64_t a = BASE[i] % n; if (a == 0) continue; uint64_t Y = mg.pow(mg.make(a), d); if (Y == one) continue; for (uint32_t r = 0;; ++r, Y = mg.mul(Y, Y)) { // Y = a^(d 2^r) if (Y == minus_one) break; if (r == s - 1) return false; } } return true; } } template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> constexpr bool is_prime(T n) { if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<T>) { assert(n >= 0); } const std::make_unsigned_t<T> n_unsigned = n; assert(n_unsigned <= std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()); // n < 2^64 using namespace internal; if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_1) return miller_rabin<BASE_1, 1>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_2) return miller_rabin<BASE_2, 2>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_3) return miller_rabin<BASE_3, 3>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_4) return miller_rabin<BASE_4, 4>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_5) return miller_rabin<BASE_5, 5>(n_unsigned); if (n_unsigned < THRESHOLD_6) return miller_rabin<BASE_6, 6>(n_unsigned); return miller_rabin<BASE_7, 7>(n_unsigned); } } // namespace suisen::miller_rabin #line 1 "library/number/sieve_of_eratosthenes.hpp" #line 6 "library/number/sieve_of_eratosthenes.hpp" #include <vector> #line 1 "library/number/internal_eratosthenes.hpp" #line 6 "library/number/internal_eratosthenes.hpp" namespace suisen::internal::sieve { constexpr std::uint8_t K = 8; constexpr std::uint8_t PROD = 2 * 3 * 5; constexpr std::uint8_t RM[K] = { 1, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 }; constexpr std::uint8_t DR[K] = { 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 2 }; constexpr std::uint8_t DF[K][K] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 }, { 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 }, { 2, 2, 0, 2, 0, 2, 2, 1 }, { 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1 }, { 3, 3, 1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1 }, { 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 1 }, { 5, 3, 1, 4, 1, 3, 5, 1 }, { 6, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 6, 1 }, }; constexpr std::uint8_t DRP[K] = { 48, 32, 16, 32, 16, 32, 48, 16 }; constexpr std::uint8_t DFP[K][K] = { { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8 }, { 8, 8, 8, 0, 8, 8, 8, 8 }, { 16, 16, 0, 16, 0, 16, 16, 8 }, { 24, 8, 8, 16, 8, 8, 24, 8 }, { 24, 24, 8, 16, 8, 24, 24, 8 }, { 32, 16, 16, 16, 16, 16, 32, 8 }, { 40, 24, 8, 32, 8, 24, 40, 8 }, { 48, 32, 16, 32, 16, 32, 48, 8 }, }; constexpr std::uint8_t MASK[K][K] = { { 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80 }, { 0x02, 0x20, 0x10, 0x01, 0x80, 0x08, 0x04, 0x40 }, { 0x04, 0x10, 0x01, 0x40, 0x02, 0x80, 0x08, 0x20 }, { 0x08, 0x01, 0x40, 0x20, 0x04, 0x02, 0x80, 0x10 }, { 0x10, 0x80, 0x02, 0x04, 0x20, 0x40, 0x01, 0x08 }, { 0x20, 0x08, 0x80, 0x02, 0x40, 0x01, 0x10, 0x04 }, { 0x40, 0x04, 0x08, 0x80, 0x01, 0x10, 0x20, 0x02 }, { 0x80, 0x40, 0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01 }, }; constexpr std::uint8_t OFFSET[K][K] = { { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, }, { 1, 5, 4, 0, 7, 3, 2, 6, }, { 2, 4, 0, 6, 1, 7, 3, 5, }, { 3, 0, 6, 5, 2, 1, 7, 4, }, { 4, 7, 1, 2, 5, 6, 0, 3, }, { 5, 3, 7, 1, 6, 0, 4, 2, }, { 6, 2, 3, 7, 0, 4, 5, 1, }, { 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, }, }; constexpr std::uint8_t mask_to_index(const std::uint8_t bits) { switch (bits) { case 1 << 0: return 0; case 1 << 1: return 1; case 1 << 2: return 2; case 1 << 3: return 3; case 1 << 4: return 4; case 1 << 5: return 5; case 1 << 6: return 6; case 1 << 7: return 7; default: assert(false); } } } // namespace suisen::internal::sieve #line 9 "library/number/sieve_of_eratosthenes.hpp" namespace suisen { template <unsigned int N> class SimpleSieve { private: static constexpr unsigned int siz = N / internal::sieve::PROD + 1; static std::uint8_t flag[siz]; public: SimpleSieve() { using namespace internal::sieve; flag[0] |= 1; unsigned int k_max = (unsigned int) std::sqrt(N + 2) / PROD; for (unsigned int kp = 0; kp <= k_max; ++kp) { for (std::uint8_t bits = ~flag[kp]; bits; bits &= bits - 1) { const std::uint8_t mp = mask_to_index(bits & -bits), m = RM[mp]; unsigned int kr = kp * (PROD * kp + 2 * m) + m * m / PROD; for (std::uint8_t mq = mp; kr < siz; kr += kp * DR[mq] + DF[mp][mq], ++mq &= 7) { flag[kr] |= MASK[mp][mq]; } } } } std::vector<int> prime_list(unsigned int max_val = N) const { using namespace internal::sieve; std::vector<int> res { 2, 3, 5 }; res.reserve(max_val / 25); for (unsigned int i = 0, offset = 0; i < siz and offset < max_val; ++i, offset += PROD) { for (uint8_t f = ~flag[i]; f;) { uint8_t g = f & -f; res.push_back(offset + RM[mask_to_index(g)]); f ^= g; } } while (res.size() and (unsigned int) res.back() > max_val) res.pop_back(); return res; } bool is_prime(const unsigned int p) const { using namespace internal::sieve; switch (p) { case 2: case 3: case 5: return true; default: switch (p % PROD) { case RM[0]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 0) & 1) == 0; case RM[1]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 1) & 1) == 0; case RM[2]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 2) & 1) == 0; case RM[3]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 3) & 1) == 0; case RM[4]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 4) & 1) == 0; case RM[5]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 5) & 1) == 0; case RM[6]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 6) & 1) == 0; case RM[7]: return ((flag[p / PROD] >> 7) & 1) == 0; default: return false; } } } }; template <unsigned int N> std::uint8_t SimpleSieve<N>::flag[SimpleSieve<N>::siz]; template <unsigned int N> class Sieve { private: static constexpr unsigned int base_max = (N + 1) * internal::sieve::K / internal::sieve::PROD; static unsigned int pf[base_max + internal::sieve::K]; public: Sieve() { using namespace internal::sieve; pf[0] = 1; unsigned int k_max = ((unsigned int) std::sqrt(N + 1) - 1) / PROD; for (unsigned int kp = 0; kp <= k_max; ++kp) { const int base_i = kp * K, base_act_i = kp * PROD; for (int mp = 0; mp < K; ++mp) { const int m = RM[mp], i = base_i + mp; if (pf[i] == 0) { unsigned int act_i = base_act_i + m; unsigned int base_k = (kp * (PROD * kp + 2 * m) + m * m / PROD) * K; for (std::uint8_t mq = mp; base_k <= base_max; base_k += kp * DRP[mq] + DFP[mp][mq], ++mq &= 7) { pf[base_k + OFFSET[mp][mq]] = act_i; } } } } } bool is_prime(const unsigned int p) const { using namespace internal::sieve; switch (p) { case 2: case 3: case 5: return true; default: switch (p % PROD) { case RM[0]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 0] == 0; case RM[1]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 1] == 0; case RM[2]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 2] == 0; case RM[3]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 3] == 0; case RM[4]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 4] == 0; case RM[5]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 5] == 0; case RM[6]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 6] == 0; case RM[7]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 7] == 0; default: return false; } } } int prime_factor(const unsigned int p) const { using namespace internal::sieve; switch (p % PROD) { case 0: case 2: case 4: case 6: case 8: case 10: case 12: case 14: case 16: case 18: case 20: case 22: case 24: case 26: case 28: return 2; case 3: case 9: case 15: case 21: case 27: return 3; case 5: case 25: return 5; case RM[0]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 0] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 0] : p; case RM[1]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 1] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 1] : p; case RM[2]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 2] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 2] : p; case RM[3]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 3] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 3] : p; case RM[4]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 4] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 4] : p; case RM[5]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 5] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 5] : p; case RM[6]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 6] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 6] : p; case RM[7]: return pf[p / PROD * K + 7] ? pf[p / PROD * K + 7] : p; default: assert(false); } } /** * Returns a vector of `{ prime, index }`. */ std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> factorize(unsigned int n) const { assert(0 < n and n <= N); std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> prime_powers; while (n > 1) { int p = prime_factor(n), c = 0; do { n /= p, ++c; } while (n % p == 0); prime_powers.emplace_back(p, c); } return prime_powers; } /** * Returns the divisors of `n`. * It is NOT guaranteed that the returned vector is sorted. */ std::vector<int> divisors(unsigned int n) const { assert(0 < n and n <= N); std::vector<int> divs { 1 }; for (auto [prime, index] : factorize(n)) { int sz = divs.size(); for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) { int d = divs[i]; for (int j = 0; j < index; ++j) { divs.push_back(d *= prime); } } } return divs; } }; template <unsigned int N> unsigned int Sieve<N>::pf[Sieve<N>::base_max + internal::sieve::K]; } // namespace suisen #line 14 "library/number/fast_factorize.hpp" namespace suisen::fast_factorize { namespace internal { template <typename T> constexpr int floor_log2(T n) { int i = 0; while (n) n >>= 1, ++i; return i - 1; } template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> T pollard_rho(const T n) { using M = safely_multipliable_t<T>; const T m = T(1) << (floor_log2(n) / 5); static std::mt19937_64 rng{std::random_device{}()}; std::uniform_int_distribution<T> dist(0, n - 1); // const Montgomery64 mg{n}; while (true) { T c = dist(rng); auto f = [&](T x) -> T { return (M(x) * x + c) % n; }; T x, y = 2, ys, q = 1, g = 1; for (T r = 1; g == 1; r <<= 1) { x = y; for (T i = 0; i < r; ++i) y = f(y); for (T k = 0; k < r and g == 1; k += m) { ys = y; for (T i = 0; i < std::min(m, r - k); ++i) y = f(y), q = M(q) * (x > y ? x - y : y - x) % n; g = std::gcd(q, n); } } if (g == n) { g = 1; while (g == 1) ys = f(ys), g = std::gcd(x > ys ? x - ys : ys - x, n); } if (g < n) { if (miller_rabin::is_prime(g)) return g; if (T d = n / g; miller_rabin::is_prime(d)) return d; return pollard_rho(g); } } } } template <typename T, std::enable_if_t<std::is_integral_v<T>, std::nullptr_t> = nullptr> std::vector<std::pair<T, int>> factorize(T n) { static constexpr int threshold = 1000000; static Sieve<threshold> sieve; std::vector<std::pair<T, int>> res; if (n <= threshold) { for (auto [p, q] : sieve.factorize(n)) res.emplace_back(p, q); return res; } if ((n & 1) == 0) { int q = 0; do ++q, n >>= 1; while ((n & 1) == 0); res.emplace_back(2, q); } for (T p = 3; p * p <= n; p += 2) { if (p >= 101 and n >= 1 << 20) { while (n > 1) { if (miller_rabin::is_prime(n)) { res.emplace_back(std::exchange(n, 1), 1); } else { p = internal::pollard_rho(n); int q = 0; do ++q, n /= p; while (n % p == 0); res.emplace_back(p, q); } } break; } if (n % p == 0) { int q = 0; do ++q, n /= p; while (n % p == 0); res.emplace_back(p, q); } } if (n > 1) res.emplace_back(n, 1); return res; } } // namespace suisen::fast_factorize #line 9 "library/number/tetration_mod.hpp" /** * @brief $a \uparrow \uparrow b \pmod{m}$ */ namespace suisen { namespace internal::tetration_mod { constexpr int max_value = std::numeric_limits<int>::max(); int saturation_pow(int a, int b) { if (b >= 32) return max_value; long long res = 1, pow_a = a; for (; b; b >>= 1) { if (b & 1) res = std::min(res * pow_a, (long long) max_value); pow_a = std::min(pow_a * pow_a, (long long) max_value); } return res; } int saturation_tetration(int a, int b) { assert(a >= 2); if (b == 0) return 1; int exponent = 1; for (int i = 0; i < b and exponent != max_value; ++i) exponent = saturation_pow(a, exponent); return exponent; } int pow_mod(int a, int b, int m) { long long res = 1, pow_a = a; for (; b; b >>= 1) { if (b & 1) res = (res * pow_a) % m; pow_a = (pow_a * pow_a) % m; } return res; } } /** * @brief Calculates a↑↑b mod m (= a^(a^(a^...(b times)...)) mod m) * @param a base * @param b number of power operations * @param m mod * @return a↑↑b mod m */ int tetration_mod(int a, int b, int m) { using namespace internal::tetration_mod; if (m == 1) return 0; if (a == 0) return 1 ^ (b & 1); if (a == 1 or b == 0) return 1; int i0 = 0, m0 = m; for (int g = std::gcd(m0, a); g != 1; g = std::gcd(m0, g)) { m0 /= g, ++i0; } int phi = m0; for (auto [p, q] : fast_factorize::factorize(m0)) { phi /= p, phi *= p - 1; } int exponent = saturation_tetration(a, b - 1); if (exponent == max_value) { exponent = tetration_mod(a, b - 1, phi); if (i0 > exponent) { exponent += (((i0 - exponent) + phi - 1) / phi) * phi; } } else if (i0 <= exponent) { exponent -= ((exponent - i0) / phi) * phi; } return pow_mod(a, exponent, m); } } #line 6 "test/src/number/tetration_mod/tetration_mod.test.cpp" int main() { std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false); std::cin.tie(nullptr); int t; std::cin >> t; for (int i = 0; i < t; ++i) { int a, b, m; std::cin >> a >> b >> m; std::cout << suisen::tetration_mod(a, b, m) << '\n'; } return 0; }